While looking for articles in the library for my topic on music, I wasn’t able to find a lot. Their were articles of the history of music but nothing dealing with stress or coping with it. However, I found an article called Journal of sport and Exercise Psychology by Robert C. Eklund, and one of the journals discusses Pyschophysical and Ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking by Costas Karageorghis, Denis Mouzourides, David-Lee Priest, Tariq Sasso, Daley Morrish, and Carolyn Walley. This article wanted to figure out what effects do motivational synchronous music and oudeterous synchronous music have on the body when on the treadmill. Even when people sit motionless with no music the body still tends to move, tap the feet, fingers moving etc. They broke down the method to different stages: stage 1 was the music selection, they took samples from 100 volunteers that gave consent. Stage 2 was the Experimental Investigation, members were to walk on a treadmill at a high rate while listening to music and were required to follow identical patterns of activity and diet. Were also not allowed to eat 2 hrs before the experiment. In one of the figures they had motivational, oudeterous, and no music while testing the endurance, and people who listen to motivational music tend to have more endurance on the treadmill. It seemed like the data they were using was acts, behaviors, or events because they were trying to see how much endurance  the particpants can go and they did this with a controlled study possibly using focus groups.

Eklund PhD, Robert C. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 1st ed., vol. 31, Human Kinetics., 2009.

1.) Anderson, A. (2001). Race, Poverty & the Environment. Gentrification , 30.
This article describes the effects of gentrification in the bay area. Specifically in the bay area, people in poverty have been massively hit by the countering effects. The article shows the percentages of how many businesses and residents have been displaced. However, the article was a useful tool, as it guides the reader to a better conclusive result that confronts their questions and concerns about gentrification.

2.) Goetz, E. (2011). Urban studies. Gentrification in black and white: the racial impact of public housing demolition in American cities, 48(8), 1581-1604.
‘The gentrification that has transformed high-poverty neighbourhoods in US cities since the mid 1990s has been characterised by high levels of state reinvestment. Prominent among public-sector interventions has been the demolition of public housing and in some cases multimillion dollar redevelopment efforts. In this paper, the racial dimension of state-supported gentrification in large US cities is examined by looking at the direct and indirect displacement induced by public housing transformation.’

3.)Watson, R. (2017). This side of home. New York: Bloomsbury.
This book is relatable, giving the reader a brief view into what its like to be a victim of gentrification, whether you are the rich person moving into the up and coming neighborhood or the displaced resident. ‘Twins Nikki and Maya Younger always agreed on most things, but as they head into their senior year they react differently to the gentrification of their Portland, Oregon, neighborhood and the new–white–family that moves in after their best friend and her mother are evicted– (Source of description not identified).’

Teens, technology, and literacy; or why bad grammar isn’t always bad

I began looking for more information about technology in the classroom and how it might effect student learning outcomes. Literacy and language seem to play an important role in the development of ideas and through the use of technology language is being changed. In this book  I was able to find information on my subject of technology in the classroom and how it effects learning capabilities among students. The use of technology has grown exponentially in recent years and it has only made the workload for students easier. It is more efficient to communicate with other classmates online and share ideas and thoughts through online profiles or through the use of cell-phones. Technology has had a positive impact on the lives of students and their ability to learn and adapt to more work. Computers offer new ways to display information and are a wealth of knowledge that can be used to effectively show results from studies. Braun remarks the wonders that computers and various technologies are capable of which include collaborative research and methods to utilize the production of research. These technologies help to increase the learning capabilities of students and are proven to get results in the classroom. This study was also focused on literacy and how students are adapting slang and different styles of language to fit their needs. By taking in information and then using it to text in slang, there is more knowledge and understanding that is being grasped in the process. This study seeks to find the answers to how technology is prohibiting study and is keeping students off-task. This is an interesting study where acts, reports, and events of behavioral analysis are used,  which is also aimed to answer questions about technological capabilities.

Braun, Linda  W. (2007). Teens, technology, and literacy; or, why bad grammar isn’t always bad. The Booklist, 103(19), 134.

Hess, Edward D. “Smart Growth-Creating Real Long-Term value.” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, May 14, 2010, 74-83.

The article Smart Growth-Creating Real Long-Term Value reflects the business side of my research question. Business strategy and organization determines the success of a business. Mr. Hess explains how businesses get so caught up with the “Grow or die” mentality, that they lose focus of their longevity. Instead, they should focus on “smart growth.” Smart growth is when inspired leaders and employees come together to focus their efforts on short term growth that will continuously improve the success of a business.

For this experiment, Mr. Hess decided to examine whether there was empirical support for the U.S. Growth Model. He looked into the disciplines of economics, finance, strategy, and organizational behavior and design. After researching several companies, he concluded that continuous linear growth is not viable.

Mr. Hass took a look at 22 high growth companies and studied their secret to success. He concluded that most of the high growth companies lacked several characteristics he though they would have. For instance, most companies did not sell unique products or services, did not have the best talent, did not have visionary or charismatic leaders, and did not have innovation leaders. What gave these companies a competitive advantage was that they had built over time an internal enabling Growth System. Thus meaning that employees were treated with loyalty, so worked hard and gave forth their best effort. These companies had productive chemistry, like a championship caliber sports team who is filled with average players but win it all because they play well together. Best Buy Co. was used by Mr. Hass for an example of a successful business. In 2005 Best Buy Co. needed a change so they undertook a major redesign of its business model in an effort to change from a centralized, top-down, product-centric organization to a decentralized, customer-centric organization. In this new culture they identified their customers as “Kings and Queens,” their employees as “royalty,” and their management as “servants.”

Acts, Behavior, or Events and economic data were the types of data used during this experiment. Meanwhile, ethnography is an example of a data collection method because the researcher observed patterns of how the business was running.

Blumrodt, Jens, and Nell C. Huang-Horowitz. “Managing brand identity strategy: how professional football wins the game .” Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 6 (2017): 31-38.

I chose the article “Managing brand identity strategy: how professional football wins the game,” written by Jens Blumrodt and Nell C.Huang-Horowitz. It is found in the Journal of Business Strategy and it explores the financial success of 20 French professional Football (soccer) clubs. The research question was conducted using a mix-methods approach which consisted of website analysis and personal interviews with fans. Each clubs individual website was studied and the results came back as expected. The richer clubs had more in depth websites that were frequently updated and consisted of more detail and information about the team, while the smaller budget clubs struggled to keep their website up to date. Additionally, every club had running social media sites which allows fans from all over the world to stay connected to their favorite club. Clubs that experience the most success on the field tend to produce the most revenue off the field. That being said, it was proven that a high level of involvement from diehard fans ensures that clubs survive years of poor performance without losing their fan base. Acts, behavior, or events, as well as economic data were used during this experiment. Fans go to games, purchase merchandise and tickets, and support their favorite club online which is an act and behavior. Meanwhile, revenue is earned through these purchases and accounts for the economic data. In depth interviews was one of the methods used during this experiment. 244 fans were individually interviewed for 45-60 minutes each and were asked questions along the lines of how they perceived the club overall, the coach, and the management. This experiment consists of both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data being the number of fans interviewed, and the qualitative being the responses of the fans. The involvement and support for these clubs on a global scale is something that my classmates and other readers will be interested in learning more about.

James H McDonald wrote a journal on how people see technology in an institution of learning. In his research, he investigates if the students in each environment would be more susceptible to asking for help in the less technologically driven classes. He then looks at the students well being as a whole during the lack of, or excess off technology. In addition he then compares the parents responses to their students. In the CoSy system he found that there was a major dropout rate of the students, nearly half quit their schoolings. He asked a series of questions, some being “what is computer literacy” (McDonald, 1993). McDonald went through and surveyed students, although I feel as if expert opinions could have also been a great help to him. In my own opinion I feel as if his research is in need of growth and a little more exmapnsion upon. There is great direction but I feel like there could be some possibilities that are missing and some factors that can be updated since 1993.

McDonald, J. H. (1993), The Interpenetration of Technology and Institution: An Assessment of an Educational Computer Conferencing System. NAPA Bulletin, 12: 49–65. doi:10.1525/napa.1993.12.1.49

Looking through the current periodical section in the library, I came across the journal Education vol. 131, no. 4. Within this journal I came across an article titled “Teacher Leaders Impacting School Culture” by Douglas E. Roby and found it relevant to my topic of community and education. The topic of this study focused on teachers implementing culture into classrooms to create a sustainable learning environment. Based off my reading of this study, I believe it asks the question: How can teachers pursuing a teacher leader masters degree assess their work-place culture and begin to affect school culture in a positive manner? In order to answer this question, the types of data used was reports of acts, behaviors, and events, and shallow opinions and attitudes. The author collected this data by administering the School Culture Review to 195 participants. This was a survey of 40 statements that had the participants consider characteristics of cultural norms, points being awarded for the answers (none=0, low=1, average=2, above average=3, high=4). Roby states the analysis used was, “mean scores, ranges, frequencies, and standard deviations” (2011). After separating the teachers into groups by levels of experience in the classroom, Roby compared the group’s mean scores based off the questions in the survey. Robey found the means fell within the 80-119 point range, and means below 80 revealed a “low functioning culture”, and a mean below 41 meant “the school culture is dysfunctional” (2011). Roby concluded the length of teaching experience was not a factor in rating school climate. Roby did, however, find teacher isolation is a major concern. Other concerns included: “opportunities for informal leadership, climate of physical plant [campus], trust, relationships, and support” (2011). Moving forward, it is suggested teachers and administrators create a clear form of communication to get to the root of key issues, build trust, and strengthen relationships in the workplace.

Roby, D.E. (2011). Teacher leaders impacting school culture. Education, 131(4), 782-790.

Waasdorp, Tracy Evian, and Catherine P. Bradshaw. 2011 “Examining Student Responses to Frequent Bullying: A Latent Class Approach” Journal of Educational Psychology 103 (2): 336-352. doi: 10.1037/a0022747.

Research on bullying is necessary to answer questions about how to prevent and deal with this major issue that is happening to our children. Because I did my first journal exercise on this same topic, I was able to find another interesting and relevant article from browsing the table of contents of the same Journal of Education Psychology issue for this exercise. The previous one I talked about deals with how parents respond to their children’s victimization. This one deals with the students’ response instead. This study is from two out three of the authors of the last article. Both of these articles were found in the Armacost Library Bound Periodicals section (LB 1051 .A2 J6).

Here the authors set out to find a pattern in the ways children respond to victimization.This study has three research questions in the form of three hypothesis. The primary one asked whether or not “discrete patterns” of responses would emerge. The patterns they were looking for were seeking of social support, aggressive, and passive response. From the previously published literature on this topic, they expect to see a difference in responses by gender and school level. The second research question inquired if the way children respond are affected by forms or frequency of bullying and if the victims were also bullies. The third question asked if the aggressive or passive was more dangerous.

To collect the reports of acts and behavior, the data gathering method that the author chose was to use an anonymous online survey in a Maryland public school district. Although many students completed the survey, the author wound up with a subsample of 4,312 bullied students after excluding those who were not victimized. The students answered questions about their demographic information, about how they responded to being bullied, about whether they externalized or internalized their problems, how they were bullied and how often they were bullied, and whether they have bullied others. The authors analyzed the data using both descriptive analysis and the Latent Class Approach with the Mplus 5.21 statistical program.

The result of their research found four patterns of responses, as opposed to the hypothesized three. Most students ignore the bully. The smaller group of aggressive responders differed in each gender groups–boys preferred to be more physically aggressive whereas girls were more verbal. The last two types of options were actively problem-solving by telling the bully to stop and support seeking from authority figures or friends; however, there was no pattern of one group that primarily chose this approach. There was another small group, called the undifferentiated/high class that endorsed most or all of the possible responses. This group showed the most internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The author theorized that ignoring/walking away is the more effective strategy for diffusing bullying and lessening social-emotional problems.

However, the limits this study had was that the authors could not confirm the causal relationship between some response strategies and social-emotional problems. They suggest longitudinal data for future research that wants to explore that relationship. Aside from the limit, this research reports clear findings on how different groups of students respond to bullying and how we can help them.

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I did not find an article that matched my topic of sustainable architecture very well. However, I did find an article about architecture in The Art Bulletin.  The article is titled “El Lissitzky’s Other Wollkenbugel: Reconstructing an Abandoned Architectural Project” by Samuel Johnson. The article talks about El Lissitzky’s creation of the horizontal skyscraper. The skyscraper is called “Wolkenbugel”. The Wolkenbugel sparked a lot of debate regarding land use, restoration, integration of transit systems, while contemplating the relative priority of form and utility in architecture. Later on in the article Lissitzky proposes a second “Wolkenbugel” design.  A drawing in the article regarding Lissitzky’s second proposed design, explains the reconstruction and new design of the second “Wolkenbugel”. The drawing also helps to explain the attitudes, Constructivism and working process towards the second “Wolkenbugel”. I think the question in this article would be “How can the second “Wolkenbugel” structure fix the problems of transit, land-use and safety… etc. that the first “Wolkenbugel” brought forth?” For this question you would use expert knowledge (particularly someone good in restoration or an architectural engineer). You would need to gather architectural data from a number of people, regarding how to make the new project better. You would then analyze the data and come up with a plan on how to safely and effectively create the new building. This research of this article brings up interesting points regarding restoration and reconstruction in architecture. I think that my classmates the entire reconstruction process to be interesting, specifically how much thought, time and money goes into recreating and bettering architecture.

Johnson, S. (2017). El Lissitzky’s other wolkenbügel: Reconstructing an abandoned architectural project. Art Bulletin, 99(3), 147-169.

Reed, W. Robert. “The Determinants of U.S. State Economic Growth: A Less Extreme Bounds Analysis.” Economic Inquiry47, no. 4 (October 2009): 685-700.

Since there are not many academic journals in the periodical section of the library that fit my topic about consumption and socioeconomic status,  I chose an article from an economic journal. This article covers U.S. state economic growth from 1970 to 1999. It investigates the robust determinates to figure out what exactly contributed to the economic growth between that time period. The author pulls from other research and also introduces his own new method for addressing “model uncertainty” issues associated with the growth equations that he’s using. Some of the potential explanatory variables include population/labor force characteristics, economic characteristics, public sector variables, etc. The article’s research topic is U.S. economic growth factors, and the research question is “what factors caused U.S. state economic growth during 1970 to 1999?”  The type of data the author needed to collect to answer his questions is economic data. The author utilized public and private records for his data collection, including the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The data collected is quantitative, and it is interval/ratio data. The author uses it to compare different factors of economic growth between the set years. In my opinion, I think this research is valid and trustworthy, because the article appears in a peer-reviewed academic journal. The author pulls certain aspects of research from other related projects to help his own research, and also implements new strategies and methods for determining the characteristics of economic growth.