The article that I found “Does music influence stress in mechaniically ventilated patients?” explores if music can reduce stress in patients who are very ill. The purpose of this study was to see if two controlled conditions in their patients, people who listened to music and people who didn’t listen to music, would lower their patients stress level. For this study they used urinary cortisol to measure the stress, urinary measures of stress hormones have been used as biomarkers of chronic stress. So, they would go on daily 24hr urine collection to measure the levels of stress. The data that was collected was on gender, race, ethnicity, age, length of time being ventilated, and all medications. There were a total of 70 participants but 5 of them were not able to get urine collected due to a medication that had steroids in it and would effect the study. There were 65 patients who got the daily urine collection. When analyzing the data that they found in their tables and graphs they found no big signicance or pattern that help support their research question. However, the one thing they did see was a pattern in the PDM (patient directed music) that showed they had less stress related values in one of the figures.

Chlan, L. L., Engeland, W. C., & Savik, K. (2013). Does music influence stress in mechanically ventilated patients? Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 29(3), 121-7. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.redlands.edu/10.1016/j.iccn.2012.11.001