This article focused on pesticide use in the Central Valley of California. The specific question examined how estrogenic compounds, from the degradation of pesticides over time, travel through groundwater or runoff into rivers and aquifers. Estrogenic compounds are known to cause cancer and mutations in organisms, from alligators to water fowl, and there presence in water is of major concern. This study collected samples from various areas of runoff and infiltration into groundwater, through satellite images and data from the California Integrated Pest Management Program. Once they had their samples they ran t-tests to see the correlation with distance from farm runoff and spray areas to see if there was a correlation, which there was. The data needed was action and events for both the amount of pesticides used and where as well as the collection of water samples both contaminated and uncontaminated. Their collection method was simple observation. The analysis was correlational and a simple T-test was used. Overall I think the research was a good examination into the effects of pesticide use, however by only sampling waters close to surface they may have underestimated the amounts of estrogenic compounds in the water. The most interesting piece of information from this article is the fact that the degradation of pesticides doesn’t remove its damaging effects to the environment, but almost makes it worse, as estrogenic compounds.

Johnson, M. L.; Salveson, A.; Holmes, L.; Denison, M. S.; Fry, D. M. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology. Apr98, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p609-614. 6p. Web. March 24 2017. <http://0-web.a.ebscohost.com.books.redlands.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=14&sid=2a064c2e-00ca-438c-9218-25fda37290db%40sessionmgr4010&hid=4204 >