This article focuses on past Indigenous communities’ active management of their environments for millennia using a diversity of resource use and conservation strategies. The specific research question asks to what effect did ancient British Colombian indigenous peoples have on their clam gardens. They examined variables in clam gardens with and without past indigenous activity, including intertidal height and clam size. They found clam gardens with past human activity had a much higher density and number of clams than those without human activity. They required acts and events as data, and direct observation was the data collection method. There used ANOVA as their analysis with tidal height as independent variable and clam size as dependent. They examined three walled clam gardens and three non-walled gardens. Overall I think the research was awesome, and really proves how effective Native Americans were at conserving and even improving the natural resources of their land. What was interesting to me was the fact that at some gardens there was evidence of human activity from at least 1000 years ago.

Jackley, J., L. Gardner, A. F. Djunaedi, and A. K. Salomon. 2016. Ancient clam gardens, traditional management portfolios, and the resilience of coupled human-ocean systems. Ecology and Society 21(4): 20. <http://0-web.a.ebscohost.com.books.redlands.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=24&sid=128a04c7-4e86-46a4-b654-32fd8a7b8113%40sessionmgr4008&hid=4214>