Inside the College Gates speaks on the United States  college system and how wealth is directly associated to higher education. This chapter speaks on two distinct  perspectives in educators approach to teaching. The perspective of education as a possession relates knowledge and capability to the degree of education. This limited view of education reproduces inequalities through making them inaccessible to lower classes. The alternative approach to education is by viewing it as a process. Stuber classifies this as where the onus of educating is on the instructor not the students resources. When students have adequate teachers that are able to tailor their methods to reach the majority of students will preform better. This book provides me with multiple perspectives to analyze my research topic from. While reading this I came across an area of research that might be worth analyzing, the stratifying process.

https://books.google.com/books?id=DJJ8OEQnp1oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jenny+m.stuber+inside+the+college+gates&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR8Juu-rLgAhVpwlQKHSMECucQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=jenny%20m.stuber%20inside%20the%20college%20gates&f=false

https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.redlands.edu/docview/1784173934/fulltextPDF/4408F780D92644D4PQ/1?accountid=14729

This article was published in 2016, by an education magazine in Australia. The intent of the article was to illustrate the importance of adequate funding for education. Through exposing the opinions of corrupt government officials, the author conveyed the importance for education effectively. This article made me realize that the ‘money myth’ may be a global issue. However, more research will need to be done on this topic. This article is a tertiary source at best, despite having been peer reviewed.

Possible research question:
Is there a trend between low income schools and student performance?

Browne, Sarah. “Shaking Up Business Models with Creative Strategies: When Tried and True Stops Working.” Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 39, no. 4, 2018, pp. 19-27.

This article talks about ways in which a company can be successful in the competitive market that exists today. The authors go in depth with creative strategies and ways to “shake up” the market. While so many companies are all competing for greater market share, there are ways to successful come ahead. The author says that companies must adopt new approaches to business modeling in order to deliver novel and bold strategies that redefine the rules of the game.

The topic of this article is innovative business models. The research question is “How can a company successfully create a business model that leads to increased market share and success in an industry with lots of competitors? The type of data required to answer this question is organizational data; acts, behavior, or events; as well as expert knowledge. The author used mainly content analysis, public and private records, as well as ethnography to collect data. I think that these data collection methods are fitting for this research topic. Much of the article was discussing different examples of company’s business models and how successful or unsuccessful they are, so content analysis and public/private records are good methods for collecting this type of data. I found this to be a very good source for my research and allowed me to find several other sources as a result.

Waugh, William L., and R. Brian Smith. “Economic Development and Reconstruction on the Gulf After Katrina.” Economic Development Quarterly 20, no. 3 (August 2006): 211–18.

In William L. Waugh and Brian R. Smith’s 2006 article, they address potential concerns for rebuilding and recovering from the social and economic impacts of Hurricane Katrina on the Gulf Coast. They analyze the potential impacts of various restructuring proposals and look at the limitations that come with abiding by federal policy proposals due to the large scale disaster that requires more than mere local government funding and redevelopment. They discuss the consequences of federal involvement such as restructuring maps that would force local planning to follow mapping and planning regulations that would further disenfranchise communities that were home to low-income, people of color, and elderly communities. Federal planning would restrict and (re)development in the floodplains, following FEMA policies that would not allow residents of the floodplains to be eligible for flood insurance if they did not follow the regulations of official federal map planning. Even so, with areas that did adhere to federal mapping regulations, residents would still be at risk from displacement even during the recovery process. Federal policy proposals would force residents of recovering neighborhoods that did not attract a certain quota of new residents after a period of twelve months to vacate their neighborhood. Furthermore, more policy proposals would see traditional coastal areas redeveloped and replaced by clusters of new residential areas with more amenities at skyrocketing prices as well as a law that was signed by the Louisianna governor that permitted the construction of new tourist catching casinos with fewer local land restrictions. This article gives me more insight into the organizational data that I should be looking out for and looking for government records and FEMA involvement, in both speculative proposals and the aid that they were actually able to provide. With this information, I will also see if I can compile permissible data from the offices of various governors and local governments in times of natural disaster.

Różycka-Tran, J. (2017). Love thy neighbor? The effects of religious in/out-group  nbjbjbjjidentity on social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 115, 7–12.   nbjbjbbbbbijhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.009

When studying behavior you must take into account the current social structure and how much society has an affect on the behaviors we carry out. When we are in different social settings or have different social norms planted in our day to day lives, there is a good chance that our behaviors adapt as well. Różycka-Tran researches the effects of religious social behavior when it comes to in/out-groups. When Christian people were put in the scenario of being about to help out another fellow christian and non-believers, the Christians only helped the “in group” Christians; thus the title “Love thy neighbor”. “Love thy neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 22:39), being the second greatest commandment given by Jesus, I would think that Christian’s would be practicing this the most, but from this study and to many of our experiences in life, this clearly does not get practiced as it should. Being that a good part of my study is based on prior and current religious experience and practice, Tran’s research allows me to be conscious during the data analysis and gathering phase of my project. Tran shedding light on the fact that Christians do not follow one of the most important commandments, but love to appear as such in conversation, forewarns me of a pattern of “religious fluff” that may come up in conversation despite the tempo of music. After having this knowledge, I will not have to put that much emphasis in the ares of conversation where “religious fluff”had taken place when describing results. Without this factual prior knowledge, the religious fluff would have thrown my research in a consistent flatline trend in the religious conversation, and maybe the political.

“Bioeconomies of scope and the discard problem in Multiple-species fisheries”

This case study was very important to look at because it not only looked at what fish should go into fisheries but also incentives to prevent fishermen from throwing bycatch overboard. In the U.S. it is estimated that nearly 22% of what is caught is bycatch. The article talks about biological decline and the irreparable damage we are doing to these ecosystems by taking away species that play vital roles in their ecosystems. They discuss the importance of using the design of an ecosystem in fisheries, with many interactions between different species. One example of a design for fisheries was to use a prey and predator pair of fish in fisheries. This way when prey populations increase so does the population of the predator colony. This will help insure that fish populations stay high and create a more natural environment for the fish. The second aspect of this article was how to stop fishermen from wasting fish and make it more beneficial for them to keep bycatch. The original approach is to have an observer on board the boats to watch over what is being thrown out. Another strategy is the sole owner harvest policy. I didn’t completely understand how this worked but it is meant to eliminate fisherman seeing the extra species they catch as undesirable. Having this plan in place would stop overfishing because people would be satisfied with the amount of fish caught.

Singh, Rajesh, and Quinn Weninger. “Bioeconomies of Scope and the Discard Problem in Multiple-Species Fisheries.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol. 58, no. 1, 2009, pp. 72–92., doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2008.08.005.

Physical Education Review 1994 Vol. 17 No. 2

Author: Flintoff, A.

Journal Article: Sexism and Homophobia in Physical Education: the Challenge for Teacher Educators

I found this paper to be interesting because it really highlighted the impact of how gender is dealt with among schools and throughout educational establishments. The research in the article were in depth interviews with teachers and educational leaders. This gave a lot of inside information on understanding how gender and sex are dealt with among various classes and educational locations. The article seemed to propose that especially in physical education courses, leaders in these situations will have to address issues that may arise and advocate for gender equality. This paper seemed to have a definite opinion on the author’s perspective of the issue at hand, and went into depth about the research and the effects on students. There are few opportunities in traditional education for learning experiences on gender roles and norms in education. These norms have a great impact on how teachers choose to address their students and teach. The research in this article also suggested that female students in classrooms want to make sure they are generally portrayed and heterosexual and feminine, while male students were more focused on power dynamics and competing with other students and peers. There was much more competitiveness involved observed among male students. I thought this article was very progressive in the way the author addressed the subject of gender norms and behavior.

Skyllberg, Ulf, et al. “Elevated Concentrations of Methyl Mercury in Streams after Forest Clear-Cut: A Consequence of Mobilization from Soil or New Methylation?” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 43, no. 22, 15 Oct. 2009, pp. 8535–8541., doi:10.1021/es900996z.

A prominent area of concern for environmental scientists is water, and how modern advancements in technology and the culture surrounding it have contributed to polluting our water sources. The inherency of this subject leads many scientists to examine the origins of chemicals in water and determine how to best reduce the amount of pollutants that make it into the water source. This journal, titled “Elevated Concentrations of Methyl Mercury in Streams After Forest Clear-Cut: A Consequence of Mobilization from Soil or New Methylation?” written by Swedish scholars Ulf Skyllberg, Mattias Bjorkman Westin, Markus Meili, and Erik Bjorn, analyzes the reason for an increased concentration of mercury in streams. It is normal for organisms to become “methylated”, meaning that they absorb mercury from their environment (most likely emitted from fossil fuel combustion), but recently, areas with younger clear-cuts have been found with higher concentrations of methylated mercury than their older counterparts. Thus, this experiment seeks to find the difference in mercury based on the age of the clear-cuts in the path. There are a lot of important variables to control for in this experiment, one of the most important being measuring clear-cuts above and below the highest postglacial coastline (HC). In addition, if the site experiences any runoff from other sources, the effect of the runoff must be negligible to allow for the final results to be as accurate as possible. This journal conclusively decided that concentrations of methylated mercury were significantly higher in streams draining off of the younger clear-cuts, leading the authors to assume that the mobilization of mercury from soil is the primary cause for the polluted streams. However, there is also cause to believe that sulfur deposits in the stream allowed for greater solubility of mercury in the streams, and therefore increases the concentration of the mercury. In the grand scheme of things, pollution from fossil fuels has affected our waterways and will continue to affect us in ways that are not entirely visible to the naked eye.

For my research topic, I plan to study something within the business field, probably related to business strategy or corporate governance. The strategy I chose to use for this particular source is a paper copy of a journal.

Lahovnik, Matej. “Corporate Strategies In The Post-Transition Economy.” The Journal of Applied Business Research, vol. 27, no. 1, 2011, pp. 61–68.

This source reports on several different advancements in business-related research, but the article cited above focuses specifically on how corporate strategies have changed now that we are in the post-transitional economy. I determined this source to be credible and scholarly because of the record The Journal of Applied Business Research has, and the credibility of the author of the article. I think that this source improves my knowledge on business/corporate strategy by giving me another authors perspective and access to research. This journal is filled with lots of information, includes excellent graphs and visuals, and has been around for many years. I believe that this source is a primary source.

From this literature search strategy, I learned how valuable paper copy journals can be. Not only did I gain a lot of information from this one journal, but it also led me to several other references, as well as topics that will help me with my research.

Mosier, G. G., Bradley-Levine, J., & Perkins, T. (2016). Students’ Perceptions of Project-Based Learning within the New Tech School Model. International        Journal of Educational Reform,25(1), 2-15. Retrieved February, 2019.

I found this study to be very interesting for my topic of research. New Tech schools are a new style of schools that are more centered around project-based learning (PBL), a democratic school system and technology integration. This is very interesting because some of the methods that they use could possibly be used in newer CTE education reform. In summary this study was centered around two main research questions: 1. “How do students perceive PBL and the NTS model?” and 2. “How do students’ perceptions of PBL connect to their views of NTS implementation?” ( Mosier 5). The used a survey method to collect data from 6 New Tech schools and had 710 student participants. they wanted to understand how the students perceived their education and what aspects appeal or don’t appeal to them.  Their findings found that there were many strong correlations to the student’s happiness at school and the PBL/ New Tech school practices. I found it really interesting that many of the student correlated the PBL methods to creating a “culture of “trust, respect and responsibility” (11). I think it’s a great idea to get the reactions and feelings of the students because they are often left unaccounted for. When trying to come up with a new educational curriculum its important to poll the feeling of everyone involved in order to make sure the curriculum is effective. More importantly I loved how the research was done. There survey seemed really thought out and covered almost every aspect of their education. In my favorite section they have the students describe what behaviors their teachers demonstrate when using the PBL methods. I believe that it is important when creating a curriculum to look at it from the student’s perspective. This allows you to understand what the what the teacher is doing to help or not help these students. The finding saw that when the teacher was enthusiastic about the PBL activity the students enjoyment and understanding of the material was much higher than the teachers who are not thrilled to be teaching PBL.